1.Head and brain injury: Scalp lacerated wound and scalp hematoma, skull fracture, brain contusion, epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma and brain hematoma.

2.Brain tumor: Meningeoma, glioma, pituitary tumor, brain metastases, craniopharyngioma, skin cyst, epidermoid cyst, spinal tumor, aural nerves tumor, trigeminal tumor, neurofibroma, germ cell tumor, lymphoma, reticuloma of cerebellar vessel and melanoma.

3.Spinal cord disease: spinal tumor, vascular malformation of spinal cord.

4.Cerebrovascular hemorrhage disease: Hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage, and various intracranial aneurysms, arteriovenous malformation, cerebral arteriovenous fistula, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral vascular stenosis, cerebral infarction, subarachnoid hemorrhage and cavernous hemangioma etc.

5.Central nervous system congenital disease: Hollow base of skull, syringomyelia, hydrocephalus.

6.Brain function disease: Epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, torsion spasm, cerebral palsy, intractable aches and intractable migraine.

7.Intracranial infection and cerebral parasitic disease.

8.Intracranial foreign-material.